suppose 的核心含义是“认为、假定”,表示在没有充分证据的情况下做出推测或假设。其本义源于拉丁语“sub”(下)和“ponere”(放置),即“放在下面”,引申为“作为前提”。由此发展出几个相关义项:1)认为、猜想,如“I suppose he is right”(我猜他是对的),表示一种不确定的推断;2)假定、设想,如“Suppose we miss the train, what then?”(假定我们错过火车,那怎么办?),用于提出假设情境;3)期望、认为应该,如“You are supposed to be here at 8”(你应该8点到),表示按照规则或义务应当如此;4)用于祈使句表示建议,如“Suppose we take a break”(我们休息一下吧)。这些义项都围绕“在未证实的前提下进行思考”这一核心。
suppose 在不同语境中语气和含义有细微差别。在日常口语中,常表示不太确定的猜测或委婉的同意,如“I suppose so”(我想是的),语气较随意。在学术写作中,用于提出假设,如“Suppose the hypothesis is true”(假设该假说成立),带有严谨性。在商务邮件中,常见于“be supposed to”结构,表示职责或预期,如“The report is supposed to be submitted by Friday”(报告应在周五前提交),带有正式感。在新闻报道中,用于转述不确定信息,如“The suspect is supposed to have fled the country”(嫌疑犯据信已逃往国外),客观中立。在文学作品中,可表达人物内心推测,如“She supposed he would never return”(她猜想他再也不会回来了),富有情感色彩。法律文本中较少直接使用,但“be supposed to”可表示法律义务。
用法须知
suppose 是及物动词,可接 that 从句、不定式或名词短语。常见句型:1)suppose + that 从句,如“I suppose (that) he is tired”(我猜他累了),that 可省略。2)suppose + 宾语 + 宾补(形容词或不定式),如“I supposed him (to be) a teacher”(我以为他是老师),宾补为 to be 时可省略。3)be supposed to do sth. 表示“应该做某事”,是固定搭配,如“You are supposed to wear a uniform”(你应该穿制服)。4)suppose 用于祈使句,表示建议,如“Suppose we go for a walk”(我们去散步吧)。易错点:1)be supposed to 的否定形式“be not supposed to”表示“不允许”,而非“不应该”(如“You are not supposed to smoke here”意为“你不可在此吸烟”)。2)suppose 的过去完成时“had supposed”表示过去未实现的愿望,如“I had supposed he would come”(我原以为他会来)。3)suppose 后接 so/not 时,表示“我想是这样/不是”,如“Do you think it will rain? — I suppose so.”
近义辨析
suppose 与 think、guess、assume、presume 等词相近,但有细微差别:think 最常用,表示一般看法,较中性;guess 强调无根据的猜测,口语化;assume 指在没有证据的情况下接受某事为真,带有武断或逻辑前提的意味;presume 比 assume 更正式,常指基于合理证据的推测;suppose 则介于 guess 和 assume 之间,表示一种试探性的推断,语气较温和。例如:I think he is honest(我认为他诚实,基于了解);I guess he is honest(我猜他诚实,无根据);I assume he is honest(我假定他诚实,作为推理前提);I presume he is honest(我推测他诚实,有间接证据);I suppose he is honest(我猜想他诚实,不确定但倾向相信)。选择时需根据证据强度和语气正式程度。
使用提示
suppose 属于中性词汇,语域跨度大,从口语到书面语均可用,但正式程度低于“assume”和“presume”。在正式写作中,若表达“假定”建议用“assume”或“presume”以显严谨。suppose 本身无褒贬色彩,但在“be supposed to”中,若主语是人,可隐含“理应”之意,若主语是物,则隐含“预期”之意。常见误用:1)将“be supposed to”与“be expected to”混淆,前者强调规则或约定,后者强调预期或期望,如“You are supposed to be quiet”指规则要求安静,而“You are expected to be quiet”指人们期望你安静。2)在否定句中,“I don't suppose”常表示“我认为……不”,如“I don't suppose you know the answer”意为“我想你不知道答案”,而非“我不猜”。3)避免与“suppose”的过去分词“supposed”混淆,后者可作形容词,意为“所谓的”,如“a supposed expert”(所谓的专家),含贬义。
常见搭配
be supposed to do sth.应该做某事
suppose that...假设……
I suppose so我想是这样
I don't suppose我不认为
suppose sb. to be认为某人是……
suppose a situation设想一种情况
be commonly supposed普遍认为
suppose wrongly错误地认为
用法示例
I suppose it will rain tomorrow.我想明天会下雨。
Suppose we take the train instead of driving.我们坐火车而不是开车吧。
She is supposed to arrive at 9 a.m.她应该上午9点到达。
I suppose so, but I'm not entirely sure.我想是这样,但我不完全确定。
The theory supposes the existence of a hidden variable.该理论假定存在一个隐藏变量。