such...that 的核心含义是“如此...以至于”,用来连接一个表示程度的形容词或名词和表示结果的从句。它强调程度之高导致某种结果。本义是“以这样的方式或程度”,引申为“达到如此程度,以致...”。主要义项有:1)修饰形容词或副词,如 such...that 结构,表示“如此...以至于”;2)修饰名词(常带形容词),如 such a/an + adj. + n. + that,表示“如此...的...以至于”;3)在非正式语体中,可省略 that,直接跟从句。各义项之间是递进关系:从单纯的“如此”引申到“程度高到引发结果”。
词源解析
such 源自古英语 swylc,意为“如此一样的”,与 so 同源。that 源自古英语 þæt,是关系代词和连词。两者组合成 such...that 作为连词,表示“如此...以至于”。记忆时可将 such 视为“这样的”,that 视为“那”,合起来即“这样的...那(结果)”。
使用场景
such...that 广泛用于书面语和口语,在学术写作中用于描述因果关系和程度,如“The experiment was such a success that it was repeated.”;在新闻报道中用于强调事件影响,如“The storm was such that many flights were canceled.”;在日常口语中常省略 that,如“It was such a good movie (that) I saw it twice.”;在法律文本中用于严谨表述条件,如“Such damage that occurs shall be compensated.”。不同场景下语气正式程度不同,学术和法律文本更正式,口语更随意。
用法须知
such...that 是连词结构,引导结果状语从句。常见句型:1)such + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + that 从句;2)such + 形容词 + 复数名词或不可数名词 + that 从句;3)such + 名词 + that 从句(名词前无形容词时);4)such + that 从句(such 作代词)。易错点:1)such 后不能直接跟形容词,须有名词;而 so 后直接跟形容词或副词。2)当名词前有 many/much/few/little 时,用 so 而不用 such,如 so many people,而非 such many people。3)that 在口语中常省略,但书面语保留。
近义辨析
与 so...that 相近,但 such 后接名词短语,而 so 后接形容词或副词。例如:such a beautiful day that...(名词短语)vs. so beautiful a day that...(较正式)。与 too...to 相比,such...that 强调结果,而 too...to 表示“太...而不能”,如“He is so tired that he can't work.”(结果)vs. “He is too tired to work.”(否定结果)。与 enough...to 相比,such...that 表示程度达到结果,而 enough...to 表示足够程度,如“He is strong enough to lift it.”。
使用提示
such...that 属于中性语域,正式和口语均可使用。注意不要与 such...as 混淆,后者表示“像...这样的”,不引导结果。常见误用:1)在 such 后直接加形容词(如 such beautiful),应为 such a beautiful 或 such beautiful things。2)在 so 后加名词(如 so beautiful weather),应为 such beautiful weather。3)在 such 后误用 many/much,应为 so many/so much。4)that 从句中缺主语或谓语,导致结构不完整。
常见搭配
such a/an + adj. + n. + that如此...以至于
such + adj. + plural n. + that如此...的...以至于
such + adj. + uncountable n. + that如此...的...以至于
such as to达到...的程度
in such a way that以这样的方式以至于
such that如此以至于
such ... as像...这样的
用法示例
The book was such a success that it was translated into many languages.这本书非常成功,以至于被翻译成多种语言。
She spoke with such passion that everyone was moved.她说话如此有激情,以至于每个人都感动了。
It was such a hot day that we stayed indoors.天气这么热,我们只好待在室内。
He made such a noise that the neighbors complained.他弄出这么大的噪音,邻居都抱怨了。
The damage was such that it took months to repair.损坏如此严重,以至于花了几个月才修复。
Such was his anger that he could not speak.他愤怒到说不出话来。