that is

英 /ðæt ɪz/美 /ðæt ɪz/

phrase

即;也就是;换句话说

含义详解

that is 的核心含义是“即、也就是”,用于引出对前文更具体、更清晰或更简单的解释。其本义是“那是”,但在固定搭配中,它作为连接性短语,表示前后两部分所指相同或后者是对前者的说明。引申义包括:1)等同关系,如“The capital of France, that is, Paris”,表示两者是同一事物;2)解释说明,如“He is a philologist, that is, a person who studies language”,用更通俗的词语解释专业术语;3)修正或补充,如“I'll see you tomorrow, that is, unless I'm delayed”,用于补充条件或修正前文。这个短语在书面语和口语中都很常见,尤其在需要精确表达时。

词源解析

that is 由指示代词 that 和系动词 is 组成,字面意思是“那是”。在古英语中,类似的表达如“þæt is”已用于解释或列举。其构词逻辑简单直接,通过主谓结构引出对前文的说明。记忆时可以将其视为一个整体,类似于拉丁语中的“id est”(缩写为 i.e.),两者在用法和意义上高度对应。因此,记住“that is”相当于“i.e.”,有助于理解和使用。

使用场景

that is 广泛用于各种正式和非正式场合。在学术写作中,它常用于定义术语或澄清概念,语气严谨,如“The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions, that is, constant temperature and humidity。”在新闻报道中,它用于提供更精确的信息,如“The company announced a new policy, that is, all employees must wear ID badges.”在商务邮件中,它用于说明细节或避免歧义,如“We need to finalize the budget, that is, the total amount allocated for marketing。”在日常口语中,它用于解释或纠正,语气较随意,如“I'm busy tomorrow, that is, I have a lot of work to do.”在文学作品中,它有时用于修辞或强调,如“He was a man of the world, that is, he was sophisticated and experienced.”总体来说,该短语在各场景中均表示解释或等同,但正式程度随语境变化。

用法须知

that is 是一个固定短语,通常用作插入语,前后常用逗号隔开,也可用破折号或括号。它不单独构成句子,而是连接两个句子成分,且后接的名词、短语或从句应与前文在逻辑上等同或解释。常见句型包括:1)A, that is, B(A和B为并列成分);2)A; that is, B(用分号连接两个独立分句)。易错点:1)不要将其与“that's”(那是)混淆,后者是缩写形式,在口语中可能表示“那是”,但在书面语中“that is”作为解释短语时不可缩写为“that's”(除非在非正式语境);2)不要与“which is”混淆,后者引导非限制性定语从句,而“that is”是独立的解释性短语。

近义辨析

that is 与 i.e.、namely、in other words 意思相近,但存在细微差别。i.e. 是拉丁语 id est 的缩写,主要用于书面语,正式且简洁,后接解释或列举,如“The two sides agreed on a ceasefire, i.e., a temporary halt to fighting.”。namely 强调明确指出,后接具体内容,如“Three students were praised, namely, Tom, Dick, and Harry.”。in other words 更强调换一种说法,语气较口语化,如“He is a procrastinator, in other words, he always puts off things.”。相比之下,that is 最为通用,可用于任何语境,且语气中性。选择时,若需正式缩写用 i.e.,若需强调列举用 namely,若需口语化解释用 in other words,而 that is 是安全的选择。

使用提示

that is 属于中性语域,无褒贬色彩,在正式和非正式场合均适用。常见误用包括:1)将其与“that is to say”混淆,后者更正式,常用于演讲或论文中,如“He is a genius, that is to say, he has extraordinary intellectual ability.”;2)在口语中过度使用“that is”导致表达冗余,应适当替换为“i.e.”或“namely”以避免单调;3)在某些语境中,that is 可能被误解为“那是”的本义,因此需通过标点或上下文明确其解释功能。总之,使用时注意标点符号和语境清晰度。

常见搭配

  • that is to say也就是说
  • that is why那就是为什么
  • that is all就这样
  • that is it就是这样
  • that is the point这就是重点
  • that is the question问题是
  • that is for sure那是肯定的

用法示例

  1. The company is expanding its operations, that is, it will open new branches in Asia.公司正在扩大业务,也就是说,将在亚洲开设新分公司。
  2. He is a polyglot, that is, he speaks several languages fluently.他是一位通晓多种语言的人,即他能流利地说几种语言。
  3. We need to reduce costs, that is, we must cut unnecessary expenses.我们需要降低成本,也就是说,必须削减不必要的开支。
  4. The meeting is postponed to next Monday, that is, unless there is a scheduling conflict.会议推迟到下周一,也就是说,除非有日程冲突。
  5. The novel is a classic, that is, it has stood the test of time.这部小说是一部经典,也就是说,它经受住了时间的考验。